Renaissance Art

Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci (1503–1519) Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Renaissance Art specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Source: http://totallyhistory.com/mona-lisa/ Communication The Mona Lisa is a painting symbolizing the look of Lisa Gherardini, wife of Francesco Del Giocono. It is a portrait by da Vinci, one of the Renaissance masters, in honor of Francesco’s wife. The image puts across a message about the family of Francesco. The main message regards celebration of a new family member-the second male baby, and the completion of their home in Florence, Italy. It is worth noting with keen interest that the actual meaning of the painting remained a mystery to many people in the globe, until 2005. Techniques Da Vinci employed a â€Å"velature† technique in his work. The artist used oil paint, cotton and poplar wood to come up with the artwork. This painting is unique since it in corporates a poplar wood surface as compared to most paintings of da Vinci’s time, which used canvas. There are several colors used including brown, gray, green and blue which generate a high level of unity in the work (Boddy-Evans, 2012). He painted a different color on top of another, thereby creating a delectable form. This gives Mona Lisa a superb depth, one which would not be achieved by a mixture of colors. He used sfumato and included soft colors, as well as dark glazes on the edges of lips and eyes. The artist laid emphasis on the arms, eyes as well as the lips through a shadowing technique. This makes the painting stand out among other paintings since it depicts the picture as one of a person who is alive. Furthermore, the artist used an aerial perspective, as well as a beautiful landscape to create the background of his piece of art (Boddy-Evans, 2012). The painting has no visible brush marks of a poor artwork. Da Vinci employed a pyramid design, whereby he placed t he image of the woman calmly on the poplar wood. The work depicts a sense of harmony, and the smile of the woman shows happiness. Owing to his experience in anatomy and mathematics, he established a perfect size for the portrait. The artwork is an outstanding painting in the world. It has influenced modern artists to upgrade their degree of painting. It is a source of inspiration for many women who endeavor to leave a lasting impression on people’s faces through their smiles and joy. Moreover, its use in numerous crockery items like mugs and clothes such as T-shirts cannot be underratedAdvertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Creation of the Heavens by Michelangelo Buonarroti (1508-1512) Source: https://www.artisoo.com/the-creation-of-the-heavens-detail-150812-p-6065.html Communication This is one of the paintings done by Michelangelo on the Sistine Chapel (Vatican) as commissioned by Pope Julius II, and as a symbol of the high Renaissance work. In this artwork, Michelangelo intended to communicate the beginning of the world and the need for salvation by humankind (Aston, 1979). The artwork shows God surrounded by angels. God is floating with his left arm pointing the moon, whereas his right arm points the sun. The angels are full of amusement at what God has created. According to early traditions of Italy, dating back to the 4th century, the moon and the sun were of high regard in the country. The moon was a symbol of the Virgin Mary’s influence on the church, and the sun had an association with Christ. Techniques Michelangelo used oil paint and canvas to present his artwork on a landscape (Aston, 1979). He used cangiante whereby different shades of brown show details of the people’s bodies and the garment covering them. Use of gray on the background creates a high unity level in the work. White shows God’s beard signifyin g his old age. The artist highlighted some areas and gave a shadow effect in others. The outstretching arms of God symbolize Christ’s hanging on the cross. The sun signifies the illumination that Christ would bring on earth through his miracles and salvation through his death. The moon symbolizes the purity of the Virgin Mary and her association with the church. The look on God’s face suggests future predictions, probably a feeling that Christ would suffer in the hands of men and would be crucified. This artwork has influenced a lot of people, especially Christians, who hold beliefs about the sacred nature of God. They believe that Jesus was the son of God, and he died in order to save them.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Renaissance Art specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Aston, M. (1979). The fifteenth century: the prospect of Europe. New York: W.W. Norton. Boddy-Evans, M. (2012 ). Palettes and Techniques of the Old Masters: Leonardo da Vinci. Web. This research paper on Renaissance Art was written and submitted by user Johanna Roth to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Geography at Harvard

Geography at Harvard In the latter half of the 20th century, geography as an academic discipline suffered greatly, especially in American higher education. The reasons for this are undoubtedly many, but the biggest contributor was arguably a decision made at Harvard University in 1948 in which university President James Conant declared geography to be not a university subject. In the ensuing decades, universities began dropping geography as an academic discipline until it was no longer found in the nations top schools. But American Geographer, Carl Sauer, wrote in the opening paragraph of Education of a Geographer that the interest [in geography] is immemorial and universal; should we [geographers] disappear, the field will remain and not become vacant. Such a prediction is bold to say the very least. But, is Sauers assertion true? Could geography, with all its historical and contemporary importance, withstand an academic hit like it took at Harvard? What Happened At Harvard? Several key figures emerge in this debate. The first was President James Conant. He was a physical scientist, used to the rigorous nature of research and the employment of a distinct scientific methodology, something which geography was accused of lacking at that time. His charge as the president was to guide the university through the financially lean times in the post-World War II years. The second key figure is Derwent Whittlesey, the chair of the geography department. Whittlesey was a human geographer, for which he was heavily criticized. Physical scientists at Harvard, including many geographers and geologists, felt that human geography was unscientific, lacked rigor, and was not deserving of a place at Harvard. Whittlesey also had a sexual preference which was not as widely accepted in 1948. He hired his live-in partner, Harold Kemp, as a geography lecturer for the department. Kemp was considered by many a mediocre scholar which lent support to geographys critics. Alexander Hamilton Rice, another figure in the Harvard geography affair, founded the Institute for Geographical Exploration at the university. He was considered by many to be a charlatan and would often leave on an expedition while he was supposed to be teaching classes. This made him an annoyance to President Conant and the Harvard administration and did not help geographys reputation. Also, prior to founding the institute, Rice and his wealthy wife tried buying the presidency of the American Geographical Society, contingent on Isaiah Bowman, chair of the geography department at Johns Hopkins University, being removed from the position. Ultimately the plan did not work but the incident did create tension between Rice and Bowman. Isaiah Bowman was a graduate of the geography program at Harvard and was a promoter of geography, just not at his alma mater. Years earlier, a work of Bowmans had been rejected by Whittlesey for use as a geography textbook. The rejection led to an exchange of letters which strained relations between them. Bowman was also described as puritanical and it is supposed that he did not like Whittleseys sexual preference. He also did not like Whittleseys partner, a mediocre scholar, being associated with his alma mater. As a distinguished alumnus, Bowman was part of the committee to evaluate geography at Harvard. It is widely considered that his actions on the geography evaluation committee effectively ended the department at Harvard. Geographer Neil Smith wrote in 1987 that Bowmans silence condemned Harvard Geography and later, when he tried to resuscitate it, his words put nails in the coffin. But, Is Geography Still Being Taught At Harvard? Four Traditions of Geography Earth Science Tradition - earth, water, atmosphere, and relationship to the sunMan-land Tradition - humans and the environment, natural hazards, population, and environmentalismArea Studies Tradition - world regions, international trends, and global relationshipsSpatial Tradition - spatial analysis, geographic information systems Researching Harvard academics online reveals the degree courses for each program are included to show the geographic nature of material being taught within them. Its also important to note that geography was likely ousted at Harvard because of clashing personalities and budgets cuts, not because it wasnt an important academic subject. One could say that it was up to geographers to defend the reputation of geography at Harvard and they failed. Now it is up to those who believe in the merits of geography to reinvigorate it in American education by encouraging and promoting geographic teaching and literacy and supporting rigorous geography standards in schools. This article is adapted from a paper, Geography at Harvard, Revisited, also by the author. Important References: Annals of the Association of American Geographers Vol. 77 no. 2 155-172. Vol. 77 no. 2 155-172.

Answers to Cases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Answers to Cases - Essay Example The toxic plume caused massive kill of birds and fish. Moreover, it contaminated the drinking water of almost 2.5 million people. Acid mine drainage is another negative consequence of gold extraction. This can affect the environment for a long term period if the governments and communities do not take any kind of initiative. Stakeholder Theory Approach This case study is focused on negative impact of gold mining on the environment. A business firm can address to several opinion of different stakeholders linked with a particular issue through a stakeholder approach. There are two stakeholder categories namely market and non-market stakeholders. This part of the report will discuss about the contribution of these two types of stakeholders. Market Shareholders In this particular case; shareholders, employees and customers can be considered as the market stakeholders. Employees and the customers are considered as the key stakeholders of an organization. The workers of gold mining company know that using huge earth moving machines and dangerous explosive materials can crate risk to their health. This environmental conflict can force the employees to raise their voice against the gold mining process. On the other hand, shareholders always try to buy the share of these companies as gold is considered as one of the expensive metals. Customers also try to consume gold as the demand of this metal will continuously increase in future. Non-Market Shareholders Government, communities and several non-governmental organizations are considered as the non market stakeholders. It is important for the government to develop several environmental policies and laws for the gold mining organizations to reduce the level of environment pollution. Huge explosive materials and Cyanide heap-leaching is causing death of mankind and animals (Lottermoser, 2010, p.27). Ultimately, the ecological balance and safety of community is getting affected due to these gold mining activities. Community is another important stakeholder. Several villages and communities near the gold mines are getting affected. The villagers do not understand danger of the several collected hazardous liquid metals. More than 1000 individuals became ill due to the deadly effect of these metals. The nongovernmental organizations are also considered as the non market stakeholders. The gold mining organizations are trying to utilize several deadly mining materials to extract more number of gold metals. Several business support group are helping these organizations to secure the profit margin and financial stability. These activities are ultimately affecting the environment and health of several human beings and non-human animals. However, government is trying to initiate several awareness campaigns in order to the environmental conflict with the help of several NGOs. Stakeholder Map Several gold mining organizations are using Cyanide heap-leaching and heavy earth mover to maximize their gold mining. Cy anide is a deadly poison. The waste water and materials are generally spilled into the river. It causes death of several birds and fish. On the other hand, process of metal extraction seriously pollutes the air. It can cause several human diseases. The following stakeholder map will help to determine the position of all the stakeholders, such as employees,

Explication of Shakespeare Passage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Explication of Shakespeare Passage - Essay Example By â€Å"Powder† Friar refers to gunpowder and triumph of fire and gunpowder is the bright show of fireworks that happen when the two come into contact. Consume means consume each other. Once the fireworks is over, theres nothing left. Just observe the smoke! Friar explains that the ecstasy of love is not an everlasting feature; the experience of such pleasures is impermanent and fleeting. This is Friars metaphor. "The sweetest honey / Is loathsome in his own deliciousness / And in the taste confounds the appetite" (2.6.11-13). Even the sweetest honey consumed in quantity over and over again, will lead to vomiting-sensation. Even the best of things, need to be appreciated moderately. The Friar, in conclusion, advises Romeo to "love moderately; long love doth so; / Too swift arrives as tardy as too slow" (2.6.14-15). He wants him to tread the path of love with utmost caution, and think properly about the consequences of his actions. This is s story engulfed in bitter conflicts related to love. This love-hate situations develop in strange circumstances and all of a sudden! The play is set in Verona, Italy. In a street brawl between the two feuding families, Montagues and Capulets, The Prince of Verona intervenes and cautions them that further breach of peace will be punishable by death. Later, Count Paris takes up the issue with Lord Capulet about marrying his daughter but Capulet doesnt agree as Juliet is only thirteen. He asks Paris to wait for two more years and requests him to attend a preplanned Capulet ball. Lady Capulet and the nurse of Juliet persuade Juliet to accept courtship of Paris. In a scene at the house of Montague, Benvolio has a talk with his cousin Romeo, Lord Montagues son, about his recent depression. The root cause is Romeos infatuation for a girl named Rosaline, one of Capulets nieces. On being persuaded by

The challenges and opportunities for healthcare services in the future Essay

The challenges and opportunities for healthcare services in the future - Essay Example e first aid services to all sick or injured people, provide programs for the prevention and control of communicable diseases, control of endemic diseases, and offer generic medical advice1. However, health care services are facedwith many challenges presented by demographic and economic pressures. On the objective side, many opportunities can help healthcare services to develop and improve. Health care was and will continue to be one of the important sources in promoting the physical health and the wellbeing of people all over the world. However, with the advent of numerous healthcare changes, the sector of healthcare as well as the people who are working in healthcare service is continually presented with many challenges and the opportunities. This paper will discuss in detail the challenges and the opportunities for health care services in the future. It will have a deeper look at three main topics: technology and research, people and chronic disease, and working environment. It will address the challenges and the opportunities in each of these topics2. The world health organization has focused on establishing factors that contribute to the high preference of chronic diseases in their recent past. According to WHO, food determinants are a critical determinant of the health of any individual. An increased consumption of fast foods and a high preference for unhealthy foods has contributed to the souring occurrences of chronic diseases. Diseases such as cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure and liver and kidney diseases are attributable to an unhealthy eating pattern. The need for adoption of healthy eating patterns cannot be over emphasized3. Food habits have a direct correlation to the body mass index which is a reflection of one’s susceptibility to chronic diseases4. This is to say that, people with poor eating habits register high BMIs, high cholesterol levels and are susceptible to obesity. If such trends persist then the future will present a higher

Project Report On Head And Shoulders Shampoo Marketing Essay

Project Report On Head And Shoulders Shampoo Marketing Essay INTRODUCTION: Procter Gamble  (PG) is an American  company headquartered in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Its products include foods, beverages, cleaning  and  personal care products. In 2011, PG recorded $82.6 billion dollars in sales.  Fortune  magazine ranked PG at fifth place of the Worlds Most Admired Companies list, which was up from sixth place in 2010. Procter Gamble is the only Fortune 500 Company to issue C Share common stock. As of July 1, 2011, the company structure is categorized into two Global Business Units with each one further divided into Business Segments according to the companys 2011 Annual Report. Dimitri Panayotopoulos is Vice Chairman of Global Business Units. The following segment constitutes of PG business: Beauty segment Grooming segment Health Care segment Snacks Pet Care segment Fabric Care Home Care segment Baby Care Family Home Care segment Manufacturing operations are based in the following regions: United Sates of America, Europe, Canada, China (31 wholly owned factories and other part of Asia, Philippines, Africa, Mexico, Australia, Latin America. About the Brand: Head Shoulders  is a  brand  of anti-dandruff  produced by  PG Matt Elliott got Procter Gamble researchers to start making a new anti-dandruff shampoo in 1950. Nearly a decade of research went into making a new formula, which introduced  pyrithione zinc into the shampoo. It was first introduced to the U.S. market in November 1961 as a blue-green shampoo formula. Head Shoulders is the worlds number one anti-dandruff shampoo. A power brand from PG, this brand made it debuted in India in year of 1997. In the highly competitive shampoo market, which is estimated to be worth around Rs.1800 Cr, HS is a major player in the anti-dandruff niche. The entire shampoo market was dominated by HUL with whopping market share of around 46% when the brand was launched in India, the anti-dandruff market was in its nascent stage and dominated by Clinic-All-Clear. The high profile launch of HS fueled the growth of this specialty market. Now anti-dandruff segment constitute around 15% of the shampoo market moreover PG is the global market leader in the retail hair care market with over 20% of the global market share behind Pantene and Head Shoulders. According to PGs annual report of 2011, the Beauty and grooming market share which primarily deals with the beauty segment constitute of % of net sale of 24% and percentage of net earning account to 23% for PG. The prominent brand is Head and Shoulders in this segment. Strategic Planning Models: SWOT analysis of Head Shoulders: Strength Weakness International brand with great brand equity. Only segmented as an anti-dandruff shampoo whereas the competitor has wide range of shampoos with different features. Strong financial position in market. Mostly perceived as a harsh shampoo. Brand loyalty. Less emphasis on other new research based ingredients and formulas. High quality Services. More specific to male gender. Availability of products in different demographics areas, pricing and market good-will. Large network for distribution. Opportunities Threat With the inclusion of FDI policy, PG can revive its brand equity. Inflation in Indian economy. Expansion of market aimed towards all age groups, including middle aged women which has significant market share. High competitive market with new entrants like Loreal and Dove in shampoo segment. Have a great opportunity in new developing areas of India. BCG matrix of Head Shoulders: BCG matrix stands for Boston consulting group. This is also known as Growth-Share matrix. This matrix helps us to classify a business of a company in four categories namely- Star, Question mark, Cash Cows and Dogs. The details of each are given as follows: Stars: This tiles represents the high growth rate and high market share i.e. the business is leader in its area. Cash Cows: This tile represents high relative market share and low market growth rate. Question mark: Here the growth rate is high but the market share is relatively low. Dogs: This is segment where the growth rate is slow and has low market share as in the business is lagging behind considerably. Head and Shoulder can relatively be positioned in between the cross-sectional area of Question mark and Star. The reason can be: The market share of HS is low but the growth rate is high. HS needs to re-plan and revise it marketing plan as the opportunity is ample which can make into star category completely. Customer Value: Customer value can be defined as the consumer get in return to their money. The performance of a company is measured how the product or services gives the customer value in compare to what the competitor are offering. Here HS claims that the shampoo delivers 100% dandruff-free hairs even with low price, hence we can state that HS delivers good customer value and satisfaction level. The value delivery chains relates it-self to supply chain i.e. how it partners with suppliers and distributions from formulating raw material and distribution of its produced. HS being a PGs daughter company, takes a good leverage of good distribution channel and supply chain. Prominently HS sold in India is mostly shipped from Gulf countries. With the introduction of sachets of denomination Rs.1 and Rs.3, HS reached the rural market easily. With more and more free sample distribution and blind-test, the company is quite successful in value delivery chain. Marketing plan: HS is basically a product for men and women with dandruff and scalp problems. The want to acquire proper hygiene, maintain a healthy scalp and hair to gain the right confidence and have a sense of belongingness as they socialize/interact with other. The gap is that the other shampoo brands focus on enhancing or improving hair-condition. Marketing mix and Strategy : HS removes dandruff and stops it from coming back in just one wash, with a product range that suits various hair and scalp needs. It uses T.V ads, print ads, sponsorship, sales promotion and social media. HS hired actor Saif Ali Khan and actress Kareena Kapoor for their promotional activities. Nationwide distribution of HS is good. Marketing environment- Micro and Macro: There are two types of environment which company deals with macro environment and micro environment. Micro environment are as follows: Customer Stakeholder Media Public Competitor Supplier Employee Macro Environment Political Environment Technological Environment Socio-cultural Environment Economical Environment Consumer Buying Behavior: Men and women need to address their: hygiene, scalp health, social needs, self-actualization needs. They choose HS over other anti-dandruff shampoos because of the following reason: Product awareness, effectiveness, technology used, price, packaging, popularity of endorses, credibility of the manufacturing company. Men and women expect the following when the use HS: Dandruff elimination Revitalize scalp Remove itchy scalp Stop root cause of dandruff Stops dandruff from coming back Cools and refreshes the scalp Remove visible flakes More confidence in interacting and socializing with other people. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs: It probably safe to say the best theory of motivation is Maslows. Maslow hypnotized in every human being there exist a hierarchy of five needs. Physiological Safety Social Esteem Self actualization. Untitled.png Marketing Research: Marketing research tools used by HS- Quantitative tools- HS undertook research to generate new ideas for the product and market development. The researches engaged the customers in detailed discussion over different features of their products. As a result the personal interaction between the researches and the consumers was high, the major qualitative tools used by HS included focus group discussions in-home visits in context visits in-store interviews Focus group discussions: Here, a group of people who uses the HS shampoo in brought under a discussion about the every aspect of it including quality, after-use satisfaction, thoughts of the user etc. The discussion is presided by a moderator who takes notes and feedback of the customers. In-Home visits: This technique is more used in western countries where the product is taken to a home and then feedback is taken from a individual. In context visits: To observe to practical difficulty consumer faces. Apart from gaining information on the way consumer actually uses a product, the researcher elicits theirs opinions on the product and weather they wish to suggest any modification. In-Store visits: HS used this strategy extensively to gather the information from the consumer right from where it buys the product. The surveyor uses some questionnaires to know the consumers opinions which helps the company to develop further strategy. Segmentation, Target and Positioning: Segmentation: A market segment consists of a group of customers who share a similar set of needs and wants. Rather than creating the segments, the marketers task is to identify them an decide which ones to target. The available segments of HS can be found based on demography, geography, pshychography or life style. But being an FMCG product a shampoo brand like HS the demographic and geographic segmentation is not as important as it based upon the life-style as well as customer preferences despite of their above segmentation. The core segments are Anti-dandruff black hair shiny hair low-price HS started operating in the anti-dandruff segment. As a added benefit it also emphasized on smooth hair. In India, shampoo of HS mostly segmented on basis of age and their wants. Its choose men and women of twenty to thirty-five age. Here they targeted them with different strategy like mind-set, social need and other factor. Target Market: Target market is the section of consumer which the business has decided to put marketing efforts. Target market is done after segmenting where they filter out the localized group and choose a particular section of consumer so that their product provides adequate brand equity and brand value. The target market for HS are the higher middle class people who are brand conscious, early adopter and who care about the overall health of their hair. HS targets the people of middle age men ( in the beginning) having scalp and dandruff problems. At the initial period of its marketing strategy, it showed advertisement which show the facts with only one use of the product, the shampoo gives almost 100% relief from shampoo. It introduced many other features like menthol, volume boost, hair-fall therapy for the college going youth and young professional with hair conscious. HS took the advantage of physiological mentality of this user group with adopting ads where prominent actors were used. Positioning Brand positioning refers to target consumers reason to buy your brand in preference to others. It is ensures that all brand activity has a common aim; is guided, directed and delivered by the brands benefits/reasons to buy; and it focusses at all points of contact with the consumer. Brand positioning must make sure that: Is it unique/distinctive vs. competitors ? Is it significant and encouraging to the niche market ? Is it appropriate to all major geographic markets and businesses ? Is the proposition validated with unique, appropriate and original products ? Is it sustainable can it be delivered constantly across all points of contact with the consumer? Is it helpful for organization to achieve its financial goals ? Is it able to support and boost up the organization ? HS is positioned as anti-dandruff product which clear flakes with one wash. As the market leader it has successfully acquired the niche market of anti-dandruff segment. The effective distribution channel and deep penetration in the rural market has boosted up the sales in past year making it a leader. According to annual report of HS 2011 the quote states HS was relatively small, primarily north American brand a decade ago. We invested in combination of marketing and product innovations and began to expand the brand globally. Since then w have more than tripled sales and HS is now the largest shampoo brand in the world. Questionnaires How often do you use a shampoo ? a. Daily b. Alternate c. Weekly d. Not in a regular basis From the 5 shampoo listed below which one you use? a. Sunsilk b. Pantene c. Clinic All Clear d. Head Shoulder e. Dove f. If any other, please specify: ______________ While buying a shampoo, which option you keep in mind ? a. Price b. Quality c. Brand d. Hair Type. While buying a shampoo, which of the below listed options, do you consider in hair type? a. Smell b. Moisturizing Capabilities c. Clarifying Capabilities d. Shine factor e. Shampoo Colour f. Volumizing Capabilities g. Other please specify ____________________ How many different shampoos have you used in the past 6 months? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5 f. Will you care to specify _______ 6. Do you prefer to buy a sachets or bottled one? a. Sachets b. Bottled 7. Are you concerned about any chemicals that could be considered harmful to your scalp? a. Yes b. No c. Please specify ___________ 8. How do you perceive Head Shoulder brand? Specify ________________________________ 9. Would you be interested in a free sample? a. Yes b. No 10. Have you ever taken a scalp or a hair quality test clinically? a. Yes b. No If yes, would you like to share you outcome? ___________________________________ 11. Who influence you to purchase a brand ? a. Family b. Doctor c. Advertisement d. Self e. Other Name: _______________________ Gender: Male/ Female Mobile Number: _______________ Email ID: _____________________

A Raisin in the Sun vs. The Glass Menagerie Essay -- Raisin Sun Glass

A Raisin in the Sun vs. The Glass Menagerie   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  America is known around the world as the land of opportunity, a place where you can follow your dreams. No matter how selfish or farfetched ones dream may be, their goal will always be available. Whether it be the pursuit of the woman of your dreams, like that of Jay Gatsby, or the hunt for something pure and real, like Holden Caulfield. A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry, and The Glass Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams, exhibit the various types of American lifestyles and the aspiration that surface among each character. The dreams between the characters in the two literary works differ in selfishness, and availability.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tom is a young man bearing the responsibility of his handicapped sister, Laura, and his suffocating mother, Amanda. He works in a factory, and uses his paycheck to provide for the family. Jim, a fellow factory worker and former high school friend, knows Tom as Shakespeare, in that Tom writes poetry, sometimes to alleviate his suppressed feelings of frustration. Poetry is one of Tom’s methods of escape from the lunacy in his home. Adventure is something Tom does not experience much of, and is angst toward his less than mediocre life is expressed in many of his arguments with Amanda. â€Å"Man is by instinct a lover, a hunter, a fighter, and none of those instincts are given much play at the warehouse,† (Williams 64). Love, hunting and fighting are adventurous matters, and with Tom’s run of the...

Leadership Within the 12 Angry Men Essay

Throughout the film, there is seemingly more than one â€Å"leader† throughout the jury as according to Nick’s definition of a leader being that there were multiple influences and instances that persuaded the decisions of others. Initially the situation is composed of a biased and opinionated jury that is almost unanimously convinced the defendant is guilty. Throughout the scene, there is a slow but sure change of mind throughout the jury as the protagonist, Juror #8, successfully persuades the other jurors who initially voted the boy guilty of murder to further investigate and examine the fact which eventually leads to the confirmation and agreement of reasonable doubt among the jury. Juror 8’s effective followership was best represented by his consistent approach and solution to the conflict that initially had nobody even listening. Juror 8 knew what he was standing up for, proper justice, even in the face of adversity as he was challenged by everyone in the room and his willingness and courage to assume the responsibility and challenge the assumed (198). He is also seen as a leader of the group through the honesty and integrity he displayed by â€Å"acting in accordance with solid moral principles† (41) as well as a drive to reach an honest verdict by convincing the group to look at all the possibilities despite the obvious and assumed. Juror 3 would best be classified as an alienated follower as his prejudice against the defendant clouds his judgment, placing a bias on why he thinks the boy is guilty. As it turns out, his own son that he hasn’t seen for 2 years had grown up challenging his authority and rejecting his morals providing the basis for the anger that is displayed so stubbornly until the very bitter end. As alienated followers â€Å"are capable, they focus exclusively on the shortcomings and have experienced setbacks and obstacles† (195) as did Juror 3 when initially, he had convincingly and mindlessly persuaded the others of the defendant’s guiltiness as a result of the anger he felt from the bitter relationship he had with his son. Juror 10 could most definitely be classified as conformist follower as his stubborn belief in the defendant’s guiltiness was supported by a mindless and intolerant argument supported by his racist, bigoted comments. Initially Juror 10 willingly participated in the heated yet convinced discussion as there was little doubt about the defendant’s guilt and conflict was at a minimum. As the tables turned and tension rose, Juror 10 found himself â€Å"concerned with avoiding conflict† (195) and became less of a contributor to the conversation. As with Juror 8, in any situation in which there is an uncertainty or doubt present, especially regarding a decision with such major implications such as the one presented to the â€Å"Twelve Angry Men†, I find it highly necessary to further investigate and take all things into consideration before coming to a decision. The suspicion of shady, questionable behavior of the CEO is to be examined and reviewed in the same manner that Juror 8 went about questioning the assumed â€Å"facts† and looked at all the possibilities.

The Ottoman Sultans Were Not Very Turkish

The Ottoman Sultans Were Not Very Turkish The Ottoman Empire ruled over what is now Turkey and a large portion of the eastern Mediterranean world from 1299 until 1923. The rulers, or sultans, of the Ottoman Empire had their paternal roots in Oghuz Turks of Central Asia, also known as the Turkmen.   The History of Concubine Mothers However, most of the sultans mothers were concubines from the royal harem - and most of the concubines were from non-Turkic, usually non-Muslim parts of the empire. Much like the boys in the Janissary corps, most concubines in the Ottoman Empire were technically members of the slave class. The Quran forbids the enslavement of fellow Muslims, so the concubines were from Christian or Jewish families in Greece or the Caucasus, or were prisoners of war from further afield. Some residents of the harem were official wives, as well, who might be noblewomen from Christian nations, married to the sultan as part of diplomatic negotiations. Although many of the mothers were slaves, they could amass incredible political power if one of their sons became the sultan. As valide sultan, or Mother Sultan, a concubine often served as de facto ruler in the name of her young or incompetent son. Ottoman Royal Genealogy The Ottoman royal genealogy begins with Osman I (r. 1299 - 1326), both of whose parents were Turks. The next sultan likewise was 100% Turkic, but beginning with the third sultan, Murad I, the sultans mothers (or valide sultan) were not of Central Asian origins. Murad I (r. 1362 - 1389) was 50% Turkish.  Bayezid Is mother was Greek, so he was 25% Turkish.   The fifth sultans mother was Oghuz, so he was 62.5% Turkish. Continuing in the fashion, Suleiman the Magnificent, the tenth sultan, had about 24% Turkish blood.   According to our calculations, by the time we get to the 36th and final sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed VI (r. 1918 - 1922), the Oghuz blood was so diluted that he was only about 0.195% Turkic. All of those generations of mothers from Greece, Poland, Venice, Russia, France, and beyond really drowned out the sultans genetic roots on the steppes of Central Asia. List of Ottoman Sultans and their Mothers Ethnicities Osman I, TurkishOrhan, TurkishMurad I, GreekBayezid I, GreekMehmed I, TurkishMurad II, TurkishMehmed II, TurkishBayezid II, TurkishSelim I, GreekSuleiman I, GreekSelim II, PolishMurad III, Italian (Venetian)Mehmed III, Italian (Venetian)Ahmed I, GreekMustafa I, AbkhazianOsman II, Greek or Serbian (?)Murad IV, GreekIbrahim, GreekMehmed IV, UkrainianSuleiman II, SerbianAhmed II, PolishMustafa II, GreekAhmed III, GreekMahmud I, GreekOsman III, SerbianMustafa III, FrenchAbdulhamid I, HungarianSelim III, GeorgianMustafa IV, BulgarianMahmud II, GeorgianAbdulmecid I, Georgian or Russian (?)Abdulaziz I, RomanianMurad V, GeorgianAbdulhamid II, Armenian or Russian (?)Mehmed V, AlbanianMehmed VI, Georgian

Monologue from the play Cinema Limbo by Wade Bradford

Monologue from the play Cinema Limbo by Wade Bradford This comedic female monologue can be used for auditions and classroom performances. The setting is the  current day in an unspecified geographic location, allowing the performer to make her own choices of accent. The character is entering college, so can be assumed to be about age 18, youthful and not yet worldly. Its appropriate for high school and college drama classes. Context of the Monologue This scene is taken from the short play, Cinema Limbo by Wade Bradford. College-bound Vicky is an assistant manager of a movie theater. Every geeky, dorky employee is attracted to her. Although she is amused by their attraction, she has yet to fall in love. The full play is a two-person play of only 10 minutes in length. It may be used to help build the character for a performer who plans to use the monologue. Monologue VICKY:I’m the kind of girl who takes pity on poor pathetic geeks who have never kissed a girl. Let’s just say that I like someone who is easily trainable- someone who will truly appreciate me. It’s sad, I know. But hey, I’ll take an ego boost wherever I can get it. Unfortunately, these adorably nerdy boyfriends get boring after a while. I mean, I can only listen to their computer games and mathematic equations for so long. Of course, Stuart’s different in a lot of ways. He’s terrible at math, for one. And he’s pretty clueless about technology. But he’s a comic book sort of geek. And a hopeless romantic. He’s pre-occupied with holding my hand. Everywhere we go, he wants to hold hands. Even when we’re driving. And he’s got this new pastime. He keeps saying â€Å"I love you.† It was so sweet and wonderful the first time he said it. I almost cried, and I’m not the kind of girl who cries easily. But by the end of the week, he must have said â€Å"I love you† about five hundred times. And then he starts adding pet names. â€Å"I love you, honey bunch.† â€Å"I love you, sweetheart.† â€Å"I love you my little smoochy-woochy-coochi-koo.† I don’t even know what that last one means. It’s like he’s speaking in some brand-new, love-infected language. Who would have thought romance could be so boring? Notes on the Monologue In the original context, Vicky was discussing her job at the theater with a fellow employee, Joshua. She is attracted to him and they banter about the job and her relationship with Stuart, who was a grade school classmate of Joshua. The monologue can also be delivered as an introspective piece rather than as part of a conversation, imagining that Vicky is voicing her thoughts to the audience rather than to Joshua. The monologue gives the performer a chance to show a blend of innocence, naivete, callousness, and even a touch of cruelty. How much of each is displayed will be a choice of the performer. Its a piece that allows the performer to explore the themes of coming of age, exploring relationships, sensitivity to the emotions of others, and the responsibilities of adulthood.

COMPARATIVE LEGAL SYSTEMS( Coursework) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

COMPARATIVE LEGAL SYSTEMS( Coursework) - Essay Example By adopting the French and Italian model, Guatemala has successfully designed its judicial system. The judicial reform has brought about segmentation as because often the civil laws in Guatemala have different interpretations. The fact that, the laws are based on different legal philosophies, account for this problem. On the whole, adoption of new reform has proved to be effective for controlling administration of the State. Adoption of French civil law: Guatemala. The French were the first to adopt new regulations about sodomy. Under the new regulations, criminal charges that were till then associated with sodomy were removed. This initiative was first of its kind in Western Europe, during the eighteenth century. This legal measure was later on adopted by numerous nations like Netherlands, Guatemala, Mexico, Luxemburg, Japan, Switzerland, Greece, Thailand, etc. Laws pertaining to sodomy were adopted by Guatemala in 1871, as a measure to acknowledge natural sexual orientation in huma n beings. Thus, the French legal norms adopted by Guatemala decriminalize sexual acts- both heterogeneous and homogenous. It was a measure taken by Guatemalan government to decrease serious physical assaults. For quite some time, Guatemala has been troubled by increasing rate of hate crimes. Gays, lesbians, and transsexuals are the usual victims of hate crimes. Often the crimes committed are too violent in nature. Due to all these, it was necessary for Guatemala to adopt a specific code of law for this issue. The French civil laws were most appropriate for this issue. After adopting the French civil lows, Guatemalan government has ensured that its citizens do not face any discrimination based on their sexuality2. The French civil laws were adopted by Guatemala with an objective to simply issues regarding oral case, role of judges, responsibilities and liberty of prosecutors, and also about investigation and evidentiary arguments. Introduction of French civil laws has helped to contr ol crimes, for Guatemala has been experiencing crimes due high poverty and social inequalities. Slow economic progress is yet another reason for Guatemala having such a high crime rate. Moreover, the French civil laws have helped in controlling crime scenario. At the same time, it has also simplified Guatemala’s private laws. Also, the French laws have shaped by Guatemala’s commercial scenario. Thus, it could be said that France had numerous implications in Guatemala’s penal structure3. Difference between application of French civil law in France and Guatemala The civil laws were adopted by Guatemala differ in application in France and Guatemala. According to the French civil law, crimes of individual were viewed keeping in mind the relationship shared by the individual charged with criminal offences and his or her society. Due to this, French governments insists more on investigation procedure, thus making the while legal procedure a lengthy one. Also, French c ivil laws consider and accept every single provision, through which the accused could defend itself. The laws also hold any individual guilty only after his guilt is proven in the court of law. The French civil laws also support abolition of torture. This implies that the neither the accused nor the criminals could be subjected to cruelty and barbarism under any situation4 In France, the prisoners are even allowed to vote. Also they are not made to work or they have to attend any educational

Newly formed (daily formed) brain cells Research Paper

Newly formed (daily formed) brain cells - Research Paper Example Even though there were a few studies in which the presence of [3H] thymidine labeled newly formed neurons was described in hippocampus of rodent at postnatal stages (Altman and Das, 337), but these studies were not given significance in absence of functional evidences (Gage et al., 210). It was only in the 1990s, that the technologies such as [3H] thymidine replacement and immunophenotyping of newborn cells using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) along with other neuronal markers were developed. During this period twin evidences gradually took shape breaking the dogma of neurogenesis being restricted to prenatal stages. The first evidence came in the success of Reynolds and Weiss (1707) in culturing mutipotent neural progenitors derived from adult mouse brain. The second line of evidences was provided by Kuhn and colleagues (5820) immunophenotyping newly formed cells of rodent brain using BrdU and other neuronal markers. With further advances in technology the presence of neuronal stem cells were found to occur in many areas of the brain. On October 15, 1999, two biologists at Princeton University; Dr. Elizabeth Gould and Dr. Charles G. Gross, reported that neurogenesis occurs regularly in primate (monkey) adding neurons continuously to cerebral cortex (Gross and Gould, 619). Thus the firmly established belief that adult brain is incapable of forming new cells was shattered, more so in light of recent similar evidence provided for birds (Bailey & Kandel, 397). B. Neurogenesis: The mammalian brain comprises of four main types of cells: neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells. These cells originate from early neural epithelium which forms a neural plate in the developing embryo, neurogenesis being preceded by gliogenesis. The differentiation of neuroepithelial cells is determined by inductive cellular interactions and the concentration of expression of patterning gene in the surrounding cells. The patterning genes are determining factors in type and stag e of neurogenesis. Neurogenesis occurs first, the newly formed neurons having moved beyond the germinal ventricular zone by midgestation with help of newly formed glial cells, forming the subventricular Zone (SVZ). This is followed by formation of glioblasts from rest of the neuroepthellial cells in VZ, which then move to adjacent subventricular zone and form astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (Clarke, S13). After birth, glioblast formation stops, germinal VZ vanishes and the remaining neuroepithillial cells form ependymal cells which remain in adult brain as well. SVZ too decreases in size, present next to ependymal cell layer in brain. With further development of the new brain, these neural stem cells become restricted to six major zones of brain, namely olfactory bulb, VZ and SVZ of forebrain, hippocampus, cerebral cortex and cerebellum, each of which is distinct and develop into cells with unique characteristics depending on the region they occupy (Gage, 1433). C. Neurogenesis in a dult brain: New cells in adult brain are established to be formed by: Neural Progenitor cell (NPC) population in olfactory bulb (OB) and dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus, the brain area responsible for learning and memory. 2 mutipotential neural stem cell populations (NPC) namely SVZ astrocytes and ventricular ependymal cells from cerebral cortex. Besides these NSCs from non neurogenic periventricular cells have also been isolated and grown in vitro,